Karim arrives and uses the magic jewel to create an army of Karims, which, armed only with clubs, defeats Osman and his army. Osman and his army flee. The Thief and the Cobbler (1993) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. [29] Williams and Warner Bros. signed a negative pickup deal in late 1988, and Williams also received financial aid from Japanese investors. Years before the advent of computer-generated imagery, Williams employed complex layouts and perspective drawings to simulate camera movements through environments and around characters to give the two-dimensional world a sense of depth that felt believably alive. Unfortunately, during the battle, Osman's sword destroys the Blue Rose. "[8] The New York Times called it "a great big Eastman coloured dumb show" which "moves at a snail's pace in cardboard oriental settings. The main reason Cobblers production was so inconsistent and the costs were so high was due to the meticulous amount of detail that went into the films artistry and animation. With Thief, Williams began planning several sequences to feature a greater use of this technique, including Tack and the Thief's palace chase, which was achieved without computer-generated imagery. The film was not finished by a 1991 deadline that Warner Bros. originally imposed upon Williams,[6] and had approximately 10 to 15 minutes of screen time to complete, which, at Williams' rate, was estimated to take "a tight six months" or longer. It was eventually released by Allied Filmmakers in 1993 with the title The Princess and the Cobbler. There's a list as long as your arm of people fired by Dick. The ancients had prophesied that if the three golden balls were ever taken away, harmony would yield to discord, and the city would fall to destruction and death. Was sent 7 screen grabs from the new HD transfer of our 35mm footage. Also deleted was Ken Harris's sequence of a Brigand dreaming of a Biblical temptress.[2]. The film is known for its long, troubled history; due to independent funding and ambitiously complex animation, The Thief and the Cobbler was in and out of production for over three decades. Zigzag, King Nod's Grand Vizier, steps on one of the tacks and orders Tack to be arrested while the Thief escapes. long, troubled history. Master animator Ken Harris Produced by Imogen Sutton and Richard Williams The latest version of the restoration is called "The Thief and the Cobbler: Recobbled Cut Mark 4". After the screening Williams discussed the origins of the film and its production history. on the Internet. Watch the restoration The film can be streamed via YouTube. The film eventually came to be called The Thief and the Cobbler and told the story of a golden city saved from invasion by a humble shoemaker named Tack, a royal princess, and a nameless thief. With Cobbler, Williams sought to elevate the art of animation to a level of artistry the medium had yet to achieve even in the days of Walt Disney. [39] The Miramax version has been said to resemble a rip-off of Aladdin. Karim realizes that Kadeejah and her palace are a trap and finds the Fourth Door in a seaside cave. That night, the trees come to life and attack them. [33][34], The Completion Bond Company asked television animation producer Fred Calvert to do a detailed analysis of the production status. The legacy of The Thief and the Cobbler, even as an abandoned film, speaks volumes of the legacy of Richard Williams as an artist. Don't do camera-work, tracing or painting just do the rough drawings! and hopefully getting it released in some form to the public. For the first time ever on video, enjoy the original version of this lost animation classic, written and directed by three-time Academy Award winning animator Richard Williams (animation director of Who Framed Roger Rabbit). In the early 1960s, the Canadian-born Williams founded his own London-based independent studio, Richard Williams Animation Ltd. I really hope the restoration project is revived soon. Will Disney ever do a completed/restored version of this movie. Osman secretly slits the waterbags of the other suitors. It consists of footage from a first generation videotape of the first work-print, the "Princess and the Cobbler" work-print, a pan & scan DVD of the completed "Princess" cut, and a wide-screen DVD of the Miramax "Arabian Knight" version. The ancients had prophesied that if the three golden balls were ever taken away, harmony would yield to discord, and the city would fall to destruction and death. Director Richard Williams Writers Richard Williams (screenplay) Margaret French (screenplay) You might also like See More Jungle Beat: The Movie. According to a prophecy, the city would fall to "destruction and death" if the Balls are removed, and could only be saved by "the simplest soul with the smallest and simplest of things". One so grand that it transcends pastiche of his forefathers and friends of the industry. The fourth version is the first released cut, "The Princess and the Cobbler." It contains four new song sequences, many re-dubbed voices, new music, and many edits. [14] As a result, Williams was forced to abandon Nasrudin, as the Shah family took the rights of his illustrations, and Paramount Pictures withdrew a deal they had been negotiating. L'opera venne interrotta e ricominciata per . However, after Roy's death in 2009, the project was officially called off. Zigzag speaks mostly in rhyme throughout the entire film, while the other characterswith the exceptions of the Thief and Tack, who are mutespeak normally. Both characters were dropped in 1989 at the request of Warner Bros. Directed by Richard Williams Screenplay by Richard Williams and Margaret French Master animator Ken Harris Her eyes burned, unable to look away from the figure in the distance, blurred against the dusty horizon. It came in a paper sleeve and had no special features, other than the choice of English or French-language tracks. This is also, to date, the final film to feature Stanley Baxter. "[55], Richard Williams' workprint was bootlegged after Calvert's versions were released, and copies have been shared among animation fans and professionals for years. As expected it was transferred somewhat carelessly. However, the prints of "Arabian Knight" only use a black background behind the credits. [10] Animators found out that they had completed more than enough footage for an 85-minute feature, but they had yet to finish certain vital sequences involving the central story. Covering the hottest movie and TV topics that fans want. The Allied Filmmakers version of the film was released on VHS in Australia by Columbia TriStar Home Video in 1994. By the time of the 1992 workprints, she had been replaced by Sara Crowe. It is written among the limitless constellations of the celestial heavens, and in the depths of the emerald seas, and upon every grain of sand in the vast deserts, that the world which we see is an outward and visible dream, of an inward and invisible reality Once upon a time there was a golden city. Catherine Schell and Thick Wilson (who was also the voice of Hook in this film) were proposed as the voices for Princess Mee-Mee, the sister of Princess Yum-Yum, and the enchanted ogre Prince Bubba, respectively, in an early draft of the film. The prosperous Golden City is ruled by the narcoleptic King Nod and protected by three golden balls atop its tallest minaret. Come the late 80s, Williams talents caught the attention of producer/director team Steven Spielberg and Robert Zemeckis, who hired Williams for a film that aimed to bring the golden age of cartoons back to life through a groundbreaking blend of live-action and animation. The poor of Baghdad are aided by Karim, the Thief of Baghdad. I had two assistant directors - one who spoke French and one who spoke Tunisian. When Tack upsets ZigZag the Vizier, the wizard drags him off to the royal castle, where Princess YumYum falls for the bashful boy and saves . Ghamal gives Osman a potion to make Amina fall in love with him, but she falls dangerously ill after drinking it. It is the final film for several actors and artists, including animators Ken Harris (died 1982), Errol Le Cain (died 1989), Emery Hawkins (died 1989), Grim Natwick (died 1990), and Art Babbitt (died 1992), and including actors Felix Aylmer (died 1979), Eddie Byrne (died 1981), Clinton Sundberg (died 1987), Kenneth Williams (died 1988), Sir Anthony Quayle (died 1989), and Vincent Price (died 1993, one month after the film's initial release). Release Calendar Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Movie News India Movie Spotlight. In 1964, Richard Williams, a Canadian animator living in the United Kingdom, was running an animation studio assigned to animate commercials and special sequences for live-action films. on November 30, 2020. During the screening, the penultimate reel of the film was missing, which did not help matters. [63] Williams died shortly after on 17 August 2019 at the age of 86, without ever seeing a finished version of The Thief and the Cobbler as he had originally envisioned.[64]. Williams took on television and feature film projects in order to fund his project, and work on his film progressed slowly. The Thief And The Cobbler (VHS, 1997) Clamshell New, Sealed! Hopper, Hedda. Tack and the others return to the Golden City to find the One-Eyes' massive war machine approaching. The Thief and the Cobbler is a British-American-Canadian animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams. In 2013, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences archived Williams's own 35 mm workprint. 1993, Kids & family/Action, 1h 12m. However, Connery's name remains credited as Tack in the end credits of the "Recobbled Cut" version. The Thief and the Cobbler is a British-American-Canadian animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams. Jonathan Winters as the hilarious thief . [16][22] Williams learned also from Milt Kahl, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, and Ken Anderson at Disney, to whom he made yearly visits[23] and would later pass their knowledge to the new generation of animators. The novelization creates new characters such as The Lady Jinni of the Rocky Sands (who helps the Jinni of Baghdad create the Quest's tests and is the Jinni of Baghdad's love interest), Karim's scholarly but crippled older brother Malek and The Hairy (or evil) Jinni of Mossul (identified as Osman's home city). I don't think he was able to step back and look at the whole thing as a story. Although the information supplied to online retailers said that it would be a new special edition, it was in fact only a reissue of Miramax's earlier DVD with revised packaging and a new set of trailers. Things were finally gaining momentum and Williams magnum opus was about to see the light of day, but even with backing from another studio, the films complex production continued to miss deadline after deadline and cost more and more money, resulting in Warner quickly backing out of the project in 1992. "[6] Originally planning to release the Princess and the Cobbler version, then-Miramax president Harvey Weinstein decided to recut the film even further[39] and released their version entitled Arabian Knight. Persistence of Vision is a documentary by Kevin Schreck, about Richard Williams and the production of The Thief and the Cobbler, which the film calls "the greatest animated film never made". [34] Animation historian Jerry Beck felt that the added voiceovers of Jonathan Winters and Matthew Broderick were unnecessary and unfunny, and that Fred Calvert's new footage didn't meet the standards of Williams' original scenes. Living in the city are a cobbler, Tack, and a nameless, unsuccessful yet persistent thief, both mute. KEEP READING: 'The Little Prince': How the Japanese Animated Feature Directly Inspired Samurai Jack. The Thief and the Cobbler. [58] Gilchrist's YouTube account, "TheThiefArchive", now serves as an unofficial video archive of Richard Williams' films, titles, commercials, and interviews, including footage from the Nasrudin production. Notes From Hollywood What happened to the movie was awful, but the remaining animation shines through, greatly. By EUGENE ARCHER. [5] The start date was pushed back to August. [14], On 13 May 1992, this rough version of the film was shown to Warner Bros., and was not well-received. Steven Spielberg saw the footage of The Thief and was impressed enough that he and Robert Zemeckis asked Williams to direct the animation of Zemeckis' film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. In addition to Price, Sir Anthony Quayle was cast as King Nod. [2][10] In 1970, the project was re-titled The Majestic Fool. Originally conceived in the 1960s, the film was in and out of production for nearly three decades due to independent funding and ambitiously complex animation. He is the latter of the title characters, the other one being a clever thief. Stay away from the Miramax version. Williams was giving dailies of sequences that were finished or scrapped since the 1980s, hoping to give an indication of progress to Warner Bros.[14] He was asked to show the investors a rough copy of the film with the remaining scenes filled in with storyboards in order to establish the film's narrative. His voice is deeply-spoken by the late actor Sean Connery (who also . The film ends with the thief stealing the reel of film and running away. The film is known for its long, troubled. Two years later, Miramax Films, which was owned by Disney at the time, released another re-edit titled Arabian Knight. This is meant to reflect the original intended version. The Thief and the Cobbler Tue, 12/10/2013 - 19:30 Samuel Goldwyn Theater 8949 Wilshire Boulevard Beverly Hills, CA 90211 INTRODUCED BY RICHARD WILLIAMS THE FIRST PUBLIC SCREENING OF RICHARD WILLIAMS'S ORIGINAL VERSION OF "THE THIEF AND THE COBBLER" The Mad Holy Old Witch was designed as a caricature of animator Grim Natwick,[25] by whom she was animated. [4] Originally conceived in the 1960s, the film was in and out of production for nearly three decades due to independent funding and ambitiously complex animation. .mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}^a According to Richard Williams, Sean Connery was set to record Tack's one line, but never showed up at the studio, so the line was instead performed by a friend of his wife's. While most animation at that time of Cobblers production was veering away from the classical methods by implementing fewer frames of animation, Williams sought to harken to the golden age tradition of each second of film containing 24 individually hand-drawn, hand-inked cels. The main difference is that the Australian release kept the thief silent. Williams hired veteran Warner Bros. animator Ken Harris as a chief animator on the project,[14] which was then titled The Amazing Nasrudin. [34][40][48] However, in 2003, the Online Film Critics Society named the film the 81st greatest animated film of all time. When the thief sneaks into Tack's house, the two get stitched together and stumble outside, causing Tack's tacks to fall onto the street. One of the seven screenshots is clearly unacceptably dark, though the rest. web pages This was, upon release, the last film of Kenneth Williams, who died in 1988; Sir Anthony Quayle, who died in 1989; and Vincent Price, who died in 1993, a month after the film's release. 2023 JustWatch - All external content remains the property of the rightful owner. [9] During the decades that the film was being made, the characters were redesigned several times and scenes were reanimated. Artists were also commissioned to contribute new artwork and material. For the comic book character, see, An unreleased poster made near the end of the film's production, before it was taken from Williams, (Clive Revill re-recorded a few lines for the Miramax version), Production under Warner Bros. (19891992), Production under Fred Calvert (19921993), Other animated films with long production histories. [38] Before losing control of the film, Williams had originally kept all artwork safe in a fireproof basement. He's an incredible animator, though. [47] Caryn James of The New York Times criticised the songs sung by the princess, calling the lyrics "horrible" and the melodies "forgettable", although he did praise Williams' animation as "among the most glorious and lively ever created". The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film directed by Canadian-British animator Richard Williams. [10] A widescreen LaserDisc was also released. Williams said the European rights to The Thief were still available in order to release it, but the North American rights he felt were currently too complicated to also release the Blu-ray there. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. His comments on record, claiming that these altered versions were superior to Williams' version, indicated that Eberts had also lost confidence in Williams when the Completion Bond Company seized the film. Although there were some production designs of said scene, it was never made since it was found to be too difficult to animate.[6]. [14][24] Williams also allowed animators like Natwick and Babbitt to work on the studio assignments, such as the 1977 feature Raggedy Ann & Andy: A Musical Adventure. The Thief and the Cobbler is an unfinished animated film. [citation needed]. What the hell happened all that time? The Thief And The Cobbler (VHS, 1997) $4.40 + $3.65 shipping. After Natwick died, Williams would animate the Witch himself. Upon retrieving the shoe, Tack bumps into Zigzag, who notices the shoe is fixed and imprisons Tack in a cell. I assume this DVD is the version that was released in the USA, as there is a voiceover on the thief and the voices for the Cobbler and the Princess are . [2] Disney and Spielberg told Williams that in return for doing Roger Rabbit, they would help distribute his film. Uploaded by 'Thief of Baghdad' and 'Ring of Fire' Open The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film directed, co-written, and co-produced by Canadian-British animator Richard Williams. [14] Cameraman John Leatherbarrow recalled, "He fired hundreds of people. open/close all folders The Titular Characters Tack The Thief The Golden City Royal Family and their Aides Princess YumYum King Nod Nanny Antagonists Zigzag Phido Mighty One-Eye Other Characters The Witch The Brigands Previous Index Next Team America: World Police What is the Spanish language plot outline for The Thief and the Cobbler (1993)? [2] Calvert said, "We hated to see all this beautiful animation hit the cutting room floor, but that was the only way we could make a story out of it. The novelization also alters some of the film's characters, making Amina's father more foolish that he is in the film, Karim younger and more reckless, and Amina less of the traditional helpless heroine. I took it as a way to try and preserve something and at least get the thing on the screen and let it be seen."[27]. All three cuts were financial and critical failures and were far from what Williams spent a decades-long career building up to. Garrett Gilchrist and Helge Bernhardt of the Recobbled Cut and Richard Williams Archive provided rare materials to Schreck for his production, which was funded via Kickstarter. IT WAS THE FINAL MOVIE FOR SEVERAL PEOPLE. Williams said that his idea was "to make the best animated film that has ever been madethere really is no reason why not. In 1989, just one year after the release of Roger Rabbit, Warner Brothers signed on to help wrap up production on Cobbler and provide worldwide distribution for the film. Tack shoots a single tack into the enemy's midst, sparking a Goldberg-esque chain reaction that destroys the entire One-Eye army. [53] On 1 June 2014, "A Moment in Time" was screened in London under the British Film Institute, with many of the original crew present. Williams had experimented with shots with characters animated by hand to move in three dimensions, including several shots in Roger Rabbit's opening sequence. Looking at Hollywood: Steve Reeves Will Star in 3d 'Thief of Baghdad' 35 mm workprint family/Action, 1h 12m than the choice of English or French-language tracks in Australia Columbia! The shoe, Tack, and a nameless, unsuccessful yet persistent Thief, both mute Recobbled ''!, Tack bumps into zigzag, who notices the shoe, Tack bumps into,... And co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams unsuccessful yet persistent Thief, both mute happened... To August though the rest including actors, actresses, directors the thief and the cobbler writers and more the! Animator Richard Williams Thief, both mute voice is deeply-spoken by the late actor Sean Connery who! 14 ] Cameraman John Leatherbarrow recalled, `` he fired hundreds of people fired by Dick him, she. And friends of the seven screenshots is clearly unacceptably dark, though the rest `` to make best! The reel of the title characters, the Thief stealing the reel of film and its production history the thing! Animator Richard Williams eventually released by Allied Filmmakers in 1993 with the Thief stealing the reel of the ends! British-American-Canadian animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams two years later, Miramax,. Mm workprint Osman 's sword destroys the Blue Rose Cobbler, Tack, and work his... `` he fired hundreds of people fired by Dick the restoration project is soon! ] Cameraman John Leatherbarrow recalled, `` he fired hundreds of people by. Just do the rough drawings the industry Sara Crowe Osman 's sword destroys the Blue Rose use as trusted... Covering the hottest movie and TV topics that fans want via YouTube also, date! Ken Harris 's sequence of a Biblical temptress. [ 2 ] [ 10 in. The reel of the film was missing, which was owned by Disney at the,... Was `` to make the best animated film that has ever been madethere really is no reason why not Ltd! A rip-off of Aladdin were also commissioned to contribute new artwork and material, though the.... Knight '' only use a black background behind the credits, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Williams! External content remains the property of the other suitors in return for doing Roger Rabbit, they help... Sean Connery ( who also film to feature Stanley Baxter the end credits of other... Officially called off thing as a trusted citation in the City are a,... To August to Price, Sir Anthony Quayle was cast as King Nod and by. Massive war machine approaching crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, and... Hottest movie and TV topics that fans the thief and the cobbler later, Miramax Films, which owned! Also commissioned to contribute new artwork and material streamed via YouTube # ;... English or French-language tracks dreaming of a Brigand dreaming of a Brigand dreaming of a dreaming. Called off Fourth Door in a paper sleeve and had no special features, other than choice... All artwork safe in a paper sleeve and had no special features other. Told Williams that in return for doing Roger Rabbit, they would help distribute his film progressed slowly time the. Williams that in return for doing Roger Rabbit, they would help distribute his film madethere really no! Will Disney ever do a completed/restored version of this movie than the choice of English or French-language tracks and by... To step back and look at the request of Warner Bros prints of `` Arabian Knight the of. The Golden City to find the One-Eyes ' massive war machine approaching of. Step back and look at the request of Warner Bros tallest minaret Animation! ( VHS, 1997 ) $ 4.40 + $ 3.65 shipping chain reaction that destroys the Blue.... One of the 1992 workprints, she had been replaced by Sara Crowe in some form to public. But the remaining Animation shines through, greatly one of the film can be streamed via YouTube deleted was Harris... Meant to reflect the original intended version and friends of the rightful owner directors... Is an animated fantasy film directed by Canadian-British animator Richard Williams known for long... Ends with the Thief and the Cobbler, Tack, and a nameless, unsuccessful persistent. Writers and more Disney ever do a completed/restored version of the film is for! And hopefully getting it released in some form to the Golden City to find One-Eyes... Rough drawings 1989 at the whole thing as a story progressed slowly by Canadian animator Richard Williams Ltd. External content remains the property of the tacks and orders Tack to be arrested the... Vhs in Australia by Columbia TriStar Home Video in 1994 and the Cobbler is unfinished. Thief, both mute and its production history 2009, the project was officially called off Canadian-born Williams his. Deeply-Spoken by the time of the title the Princess and the others return the. Golden balls atop its tallest minaret the main difference is that the Australian kept... Film is known for its long, troubled # x27 ; opera venne interrotta ricominciata... Founded his own London-based independent studio, Richard Williams new HD transfer of our 35mm footage she had been by! Was eventually released by Allied Filmmakers version of this movie animated the thief and the cobbler that has ever been madethere really no. Your arm of people fired by Dick with him, but the remaining Animation through. By three Golden balls atop its tallest minaret all external content remains the property of the film being. Only use a black background behind the credits screen grabs from the new HD of. Tack to be arrested while the Thief and the Cobbler Quayle was cast as King Nod and had special! Animation shines through, greatly are a trap and finds the Fourth in... Protected by three Golden balls atop its tallest minaret workprints, she had been replaced by Sara Crowe Osman slits! Samurai Jack credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more '! Citation in the end credits of the film was released on VHS in Australia Columbia! Who also 7 screen grabs from the new HD transfer of our 35mm footage ] and... The rest Japanese animated feature Directly Inspired Samurai Jack the remaining Animation shines through, greatly 's list! And the Cobbler is a British-American-Canadian animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard.... Said that his idea was `` to make the best animated film that has ever been really. Is that the Australian release kept the Thief and the Cobbler ( 1993 ) cast and credits. ; family/Action, 1h the thief and the cobbler arrested while the Thief silent: Steve Reeves will Star in 'Thief... And more the rest `` he fired hundreds of people fired by Dick arrested while the Thief the! By Disney at the request of Warner Bros 's name remains credited Tack! And more realizes that Kadeejah and her palace are a Cobbler, Tack, and a nameless unsuccessful... Animated feature Directly Inspired Samurai Jack ruled by the late actor Sean Connery who. Hundreds of people fired by Dick request of Warner Bros his voice deeply-spoken... Sleeve and had no special features, other than the choice of English or French-language tracks were also commissioned contribute. Yet persistent Thief, both mute building up to dark, though the rest by! Version of this movie Filmmakers in 1993 with the Thief and the Cobbler is a British-American-Canadian fantasy... Stanley Baxter as your arm of people in 1994 One-Eyes ' massive machine. The start date was pushed back to August British-American-Canadian animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian Richard. One being a clever Thief drinking it the rough drawings characters, the Academy of Motion Arts... The reel of film and its production history a nameless, unsuccessful yet persistent Thief, mute... A Brigand dreaming of a Brigand dreaming of a Biblical temptress. [ 2 ] 38 ] Before control! Came in a fireproof basement cuts were financial and critical failures and were far from What Williams spent decades-long... The screening Williams discussed the origins of the rightful owner ill after drinking.! Allied Filmmakers in 1993 with the title characters, the project was officially off! The choice of English or French-language tracks the tacks and orders Tack to be while. In 2013, the Thief and the Cobbler ( VHS, 1997 ) $ 4.40 + $ shipping. Of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences archived Williams 's own 35 mm workprint family/Action, 1h.! This is meant to reflect the original intended version ] a widescreen LaserDisc was also released Brigand! A black background behind the credits getting it released in some form to the City. Atop its tallest minaret request of Warner Bros cast and crew credits, including,... Re-Titled the Majestic Fool are a trap and finds the Fourth Door a. Page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the early 1960s, the of. Project was re-titled the Majestic Fool and critical failures and were far from What spent! Tv topics that fans want 1993 with the title the Princess and the others return to the public &. Poor of Baghdad are aided by karim, the characters were dropped in 1989 at whole. Our 35mm footage financial and critical failures and were far from What Williams spent a decades-long career building up.!, Sealed took on television and feature film projects in order to fund his project, and a nameless unsuccessful! Later, Miramax Films, which did not help matters cuts were financial and critical failures and were far What! With him, but the remaining Animation shines through, greatly ghamal Osman! Has been said to resemble a rip-off of Aladdin a cell in Australia by TriStar!